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文件类型，大小限制
多文件上传
文件名称安全检查

1.文件大小限制出于资源考虑，需要对用户上传的文件大小进行限制
flask中的实现代码
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文件类型，大小限制
多文件上传
文件名称安全检查

1.文件大小限制出于资源考虑，需要对用户上传的文件大小进行限制
flask中的实现代码
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文件类型，大小限制
多文件上传
文件名称安全检查

1.文件大小限制出于资源考虑，需要对用户上传的文件大小进行限制
flask中的实现代码
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        <h1 class="title">Flask[接洽]</h1>
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            <span>七月 06, 2023</span>
            
  <ul class="post-tags-list" itemprop="keywords"><li class="post-tags-list-item"><a class="post-tags-list-link" href="/tags/Flask/" rel="tag">Flask</a></li><li class="post-tags-list-item"><a class="post-tags-list-link" href="/tags/Python/" rel="tag">Python</a></li></ul>


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            <h1 id="Flask上传文件"><a href="#Flask上传文件" class="headerlink" title="Flask上传文件"></a>Flask上传文件</h1><p>文件上传功能需要学习的范围：</p>
<ul>
<li>文件类型，大小限制</li>
<li>多文件上传</li>
<li>文件名称安全检查</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="1-文件大小限制"><a href="#1-文件大小限制" class="headerlink" title="1.文件大小限制"></a>1.文件大小限制</h2><p>出于资源考虑，需要对用户上传的文件大小进行限制</p>
<p>flask中的实现代码</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">from</span> flask <span class="keyword">import</span> Flask, Request</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">app = Flask(__name__)</span><br><span class="line">app.config[<span class="string">&#x27;MAX_CONTENT_LENGTH&#x27;</span>] = <span class="number">16</span> * <span class="number">1024</span> * <span class="number">1024</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>此代码的作用是阻止超过16M大小的文件上传<br>如果使用nginx为你的flask服务做反向代理，那么nginx也需要进行配置，将nginx client_max_body_size 修改为合适的数值，该值默认是1M</p>
<h2 id="2-文件类型检查"><a href="#2-文件类型检查" class="headerlink" title="2. 文件类型检查"></a>2. 文件类型检查</h2><p>如果希望用户只上传jpg类型的图片，那么最简单的办法是对用户的文件名称后缀做检查</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS = <span class="built_in">set</span>([<span class="string">&#x27;jpg&#x27;</span>])</span><br><span class="line">file = request.files[<span class="string">&#x27;file&#x27;</span>]</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title function_">allowed_file</span>(<span class="params">filename</span>):</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="string">&#x27;.&#x27;</span> <span class="keyword">in</span> filename <span class="keyword">and</span> \</span><br><span class="line">           filename.rsplit(<span class="string">&#x27;.&#x27;</span>, <span class="number">1</span>)[<span class="number">1</span>] <span class="keyword">in</span> ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 判断文件类型是否符合要求</span></span><br><span class="line">file_ok = allowed_file(file.filename)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>此方法完全依赖用户上传的文件名称，无法应对简单的修改后缀名实现上传。</p>
<p>更准确稳妥的方法是通过检查文件内容来判断文件类型：</p>
<blockquote><p>python中有一个filetype库可以根据文件内容对文件类型进行判断，其原理是读取文件的前262字节的内容，而不同类型的文件拥有独特的文件头，关于文件头可以查阅这篇文章 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://blog.csdn.net/xiangshangbashaonian/article/details/80156865">https://blog.csdn.net/xiangshangbashaonian/article/details/80156865</a> ，filetype正是利用了不同文件头的内容不同进而判断一个文件的类型，下面是一段示例代码</p>
<footer><strong>@COOLPYTHON</strong><cite><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://www.coolpython.net/flask_tutorial/basic/route.html">www.coolpython.net/flask_tutorial/basic/route.html</a></cite></footer></blockquote>

<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> filetype</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">kind = filetype.guess(<span class="string">&#x27;1.jpeg&#x27;</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;File extension: %s&#x27;</span> % kind.extension)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;File MIME type: %s&#x27;</span> % kind.mime)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="3-文件上传示例"><a href="#3-文件上传示例" class="headerlink" title="3. 文件上传示例"></a>3. 文件上传示例</h2><p>常规上传操作示例</p>
<h3 id="upload-html"><a href="#upload-html" class="headerlink" title="upload.html"></a>upload.html</h3><figure class="highlight xml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">&lt;!DOCTYPE <span class="keyword">html</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">html</span> <span class="attr">lang</span>=<span class="string">&quot;en&quot;</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">head</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">meta</span> <span class="attr">charset</span>=<span class="string">&quot;UTF-8&quot;</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">title</span>&gt;</span>上传文件<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">title</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">head</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">body</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">form</span> <span class="attr">action</span>=<span class="string">&quot;uploadfile&quot;</span> <span class="attr">method</span>=<span class="string">post</span> <span class="attr">enctype</span>=<span class="string">multipart/form-data</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">      <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">p</span>&gt;</span><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">input</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">file</span> <span class="attr">name</span>=<span class="string">file</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">         <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">input</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">submit</span> <span class="attr">value</span>=<span class="string">Upload</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">form</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">body</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">html</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>处理文件上传的代码</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS = &#123;<span class="string">&#x27;txt&#x27;</span>, <span class="string">&#x27;pdf&#x27;</span>, <span class="string">&#x27;png&#x27;</span>, <span class="string">&#x27;jpg&#x27;</span>, <span class="string">&#x27;jpeg&#x27;</span>, <span class="string">&#x27;gif&#x27;</span>&#125;</span><br><span class="line">UPLOAD_FOLDER = <span class="string">&#x27;./upload&#x27;</span> <span class="comment"># 保存文件的路径，需要手动创建这个文件夹</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title function_">allowed_file</span>(<span class="params">filename</span>):</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="string">&#x27;.&#x27;</span> <span class="keyword">in</span> filename <span class="keyword">and</span> \</span><br><span class="line">           filename.rsplit(<span class="string">&#x27;.&#x27;</span>, <span class="number">1</span>)[<span class="number">1</span>] <span class="keyword">in</span> ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@app.route(<span class="params"><span class="string">&#x27;/uploadfile&#x27;</span>, methods=[<span class="string">&#x27;POST&#x27;</span>, <span class="string">&#x27;GET&#x27;</span>]</span>)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title function_">do_upload</span>():</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> request.method == <span class="string">&#x27;POST&#x27;</span>:</span><br><span class="line">        file = request.files[<span class="string">&#x27;file&#x27;</span>]</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> file <span class="keyword">and</span> allowed_file(file.filename):</span><br><span class="line">            filename = secure_filename(file.filename)</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment"># filename = file.filename</span></span><br><span class="line">            file.save(os.path.join(UPLOAD_FOLDER, filename))</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> render_template(<span class="string">&#x27;upload.html&#x27;</span>) <span class="comment"># 模板文件需要存在template文件夹里</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>启动服务后，在浏览器里输入 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://127.0.0.1:5000/uploadfile">http://127.0.0.1:5000/uploadfile</a> ,然后选择一个文件并点击upload按钮，就完成一次上传，你可以在项目的upload文件夹中找到你上传的文件</p>
<h2 id="4-文件名称安全检查"><a href="#4-文件名称安全检查" class="headerlink" title="4. 文件名称安全检查"></a>4. 文件名称安全检查</h2><blockquote><p>黑客们会通过修改上传文件的名称来达到修改文件存储位置的目的，如此一来就可以覆盖掉你服务器上的一个文件，这是十分危险的事情。</p>
<p>使用页面的表单进行文件上传，你在服务端获得文件名字就是你上传的文件名字，但黑客可以直接向你的服务器发送文件上传的请求，进而绕过网页提交，这时，他就可以修改上传文件的名字了。</p>
<footer><strong>@COOLPYTHON</strong><cite><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://www.coolpython.net/flask_tutorial/basic/route.html">www.coolpython.net/flask_tutorial/basic/route.html</a></cite></footer></blockquote>

<p>使用requests上传文件并制定文件名称</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> requests</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">url = <span class="string">&#x27;http://127.0.0.1:5000/uploadfile&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line">file = <span class="built_in">open</span>(<span class="string">&quot;1.jpeg&quot;</span>, <span class="string">&#x27;rb&#x27;</span>)</span><br><span class="line">files = &#123;<span class="string">&#x27;file&#x27;</span>: (<span class="string">&#x27;../new_name.jpg&#x27;</span>, file)&#125;</span><br><span class="line">response = requests.post(url, files=files)</span><br><span class="line">file.close()</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>接下来，你需要修改第3节中的do_upload函数</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">@app.route(<span class="params"><span class="string">&#x27;/uploadfile&#x27;</span>, methods=[<span class="string">&#x27;POST&#x27;</span>, <span class="string">&#x27;GET&#x27;</span>]</span>)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title function_">do_upload</span>():</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> request.method == <span class="string">&#x27;POST&#x27;</span>:</span><br><span class="line">        file = request.files[<span class="string">&#x27;file&#x27;</span>]</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> file <span class="keyword">and</span> allowed_file(file.filename):</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment"># filename = secure_filename(file.filename)</span></span><br><span class="line">            filename = file.filename</span><br><span class="line">            file.save(os.path.join(UPLOAD_FOLDER, filename))</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> render_template(<span class="string">&#x27;upload.html&#x27;</span>)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>将原本使用secure_filename函数对文件名称做处理，改为直接使用file.filename</p>
<p>执行上传脚本发现，结果是存储到了upload的上一层文件夹中</p>
<p> <code>files = &#123;&#39;file&#39;: (&#39;../new_name.jpg&#39;, file)&#125;</code></p>
<p>原因为不使用secure_filename函数，filename的值就是上传脚本里设置的值 “..&#x2F;new_name.jpg”</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">os.path.join(UPLOAD_FOLDER, filename)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>使用join函数得到的结果就是”.&#x2F;upload&#x2F;..&#x2F;new_name.jpg”,连续两个点表示跳跃到上一层目录，因此，文件就保存到了upload的上一层目录。</p>
<p>因此直接使用filename存在一定的缺陷，而使用secure_filename函数处理文件名称，则可以获得安全的文件名称。</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(secure_filename(<span class="string">&#x27;../new_name.jpg&#x27;</span>))</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="5-flask多文件上传"><a href="#5-flask多文件上传" class="headerlink" title="5. flask多文件上传"></a>5. flask多文件上传</h2><p>多文件上传，仅需要在form表单里增加一个file标签即可</p>
<figure class="highlight xml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">form</span> <span class="attr">action</span>=<span class="string">&quot;uploadfile&quot;</span> <span class="attr">method</span>=<span class="string">post</span> <span class="attr">enctype</span>=<span class="string">multipart/form-data</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">         <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">input</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">file</span> <span class="attr">name</span>=<span class="string">file</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">         <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">input</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">file</span> <span class="attr">name</span>=<span class="string">file</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">         <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">input</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">submit</span> <span class="attr">value</span>=<span class="string">Upload</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">form</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>服务端的处理</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">file_lst = request.files.getlist(<span class="string">&#x27;file&#x27;</span>)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>file_lst 存储的是上传的所有文件数据，剩下的，仅需要写一个for循环即可处理</p>

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<script src="//lib.baomitu.com/jquery/1.8.3/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="/js/plugin.js"></script>
<script src="/js/typed.js"></script>
<script src="/js/diaspora.js"></script>


<link rel="stylesheet" href="/photoswipe/photoswipe.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/photoswipe/default-skin/default-skin.css">


<script src="/photoswipe/photoswipe.min.js"></script>
<script src="/photoswipe/photoswipe-ui-default.min.js"></script>


<!-- Root element of PhotoSwipe. Must have class pswp. -->
<div class="pswp" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true">
    <!-- Background of PhotoSwipe. 
         It's a separate element as animating opacity is faster than rgba(). -->
    <div class="pswp__bg"></div>
    <!-- Slides wrapper with overflow:hidden. -->
    <div class="pswp__scroll-wrap">
        <!-- Container that holds slides. 
            PhotoSwipe keeps only 3 of them in the DOM to save memory.
            Don't modify these 3 pswp__item elements, data is added later on. -->
        <div class="pswp__container">
            <div class="pswp__item"></div>
            <div class="pswp__item"></div>
            <div class="pswp__item"></div>
        </div>
        <!-- Default (PhotoSwipeUI_Default) interface on top of sliding area. Can be changed. -->
        <div class="pswp__ui pswp__ui--hidden">
            <div class="pswp__top-bar">
                <!--  Controls are self-explanatory. Order can be changed. -->
                <div class="pswp__counter"></div>
                <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--close" title="Close (Esc)"></button>
                <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--share" title="Share"></button>
                <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--fs" title="Toggle fullscreen"></button>
                <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--zoom" title="Zoom in/out"></button>
                <!-- Preloader demo http://codepen.io/dimsemenov/pen/yyBWoR -->
                <!-- element will get class pswp__preloader--active when preloader is running -->
                <div class="pswp__preloader">
                    <div class="pswp__preloader__icn">
                      <div class="pswp__preloader__cut">
                        <div class="pswp__preloader__donut"></div>
                      </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="pswp__share-modal pswp__share-modal--hidden pswp__single-tap">
                <div class="pswp__share-tooltip"></div> 
            </div>
            <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--left" title="Previous (arrow left)">
            </button>
            <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--right" title="Next (arrow right)">
            </button>
            <div class="pswp__caption">
                <div class="pswp__caption__center"></div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>






</html>
